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Sales in retail can be unpredictable. Sometimes sales can go through the roof while in others sales can be dismal. However, sales do follow a seasonal pattern. Christmas time is good example for this. Demand is expectedly high in this season and inventories must be increased to cover this high demand. Increasing inventory usually requires an increase in capital. For small businesses, such capital may be difficult to raise unless provided for by loans. Loans usually require a long time to process and require lots of paper work. Also, the amounts in question may be too much just for a seasonal sales increase. Noted that money should have been prepared well in advance but sudden trends can occur that creates unforeseen sales opportunities.
Since the Christmas rush last only a month, payday loans would be ideal to cover such sudden movement in sales, especially for small businesses. A simple payday loan yes to some providers can produce the necessary funds overnight.
I could not wait to finish all my paper works and finally have a well-deserved rest. We at the office were sharing the same sentiments, we all wanted to have long break and relax! And of the blue, one of our co-workers suggested a weekend at a resort out of town! And since we all wanted to relax, everyone said yes!
We were all excited about the sudden out-of-town trip, and it was only until I got home, when I realized that I did not have enough money for the trip! What a bummer?! And I was really looking forward to it… One of my friends suggested that I avail of a fastcash
on an online lending company she was always borrowing at! The site had easy qualifications and fast release of cash! It was truly the best definition of fastcash! When they say fastcash, it was truly fast! In just a period of 12 hours I will have the money I needed in my account! I even had enough time to shop for a few items for the trip!
Figuring out which stocks to buy is challenging enough, but somehow knowing when to sell a stock is even harder. Certainly if you hold a diversified portfolio and did your homework when you selected the stock in the first place, a drop in price alone is no reason to sell. Remember: Stock investments are generally long-term commitments; the day-to-day blips on the chart are generally not a trigger to act.
So when should you sell? In general, I use three criteria:
1. The stock’s fundamentals have changed. When deciding whether to hold or sell, analyze the stock in the same way that you did when you decided to buy it. If it no longer passes muster, this may be an indication to sell.
2. Your diversification is out of line. Suppose your target is to hold
50% large-cap stocks, 25% small-cap stocks, and 25% international stocks. But large-caps now constitute 75% of your portfolio. You should consider selling the underperforming large-caps (and buying more of the others). 3. Your personal situation has shifted. If your circumstances have changed, perhaps due to a marriage, a divorce, or a death in the family, and as a result either your time frame or your risk tolerance has shifted, you may want to reallocate your portfolio.
After you’ve been investing for a while, you’re sure to hear someone talking about margin loans. So what are they, and are they for you?
In a nutshell, a margin loan allows you to borrow money from your brokerage company, using the securities in your account as collateral. You can use these funds for a variety of purposes, but the most common use is to buy stock ‘ion margin.” This is how it works. Let’s say you want to buy one hundred shares of stock priced at $100 per share. If you pay for the entire amount up front, that will cost you $10,000 (plus commission). If the price of the stock goes up to $150, your investment is now worth $15,000. Not bad. But instead of paying for the stock in full, a margin loan will usually allow you to borrow up to half of the purchase price. Although you will eventually have to pay back the $5,000 loan (plus interest), in the short term you’re only out of pocket $5,000 plus the commission.
While this concept is straightforward, and can certainly work in your favor, margin loans can entail a significant amount of risk. Continuing with our example, let’s say that instead of rising to $150, the stock falls to $50. With a straight purchase, the value of your initial $10,000 investment falls to $5,000. But if you had initially bought this stock on margin, paying $5,000 and borrowing the other $5,000, you would have lost your entire up-front investment. Now let’s take this scenario even further and say the stock falls to $40. In this case, the value of your shares is now $4,000, or $6,000 less than the purchase price. Now your loss exceeds your up-front investment and an additional risk is introduced—margin “calls” and margin “sellouts.” Using the example of the stock falling to $40, if this decrease in price causes your account to fall below your brokerage firm’s minimum maintenance requirement your broker will either make a “margin call,” asking you to deposit sufficient funds and/or securities to your account or sell (a “margin sellout”) some or all of the securities in your account to bring it back to the required minimum maintenance level. Be aware that your broker has the right to sell your securities without consulting you first if your minimums are not maintained in the required time frame. And once that sale goes through, you have no opportunity to recoup your loss. In essence, that’s the up- and downside of leverage. It’s great when it works in your favor, but it can get very painful, very quickly, when it doesn’t So what’s an investor to do? Following are a few questions to
ask yourself before you take out your first margin loan:
• Do you completely understand all of the rules and regulations associated with margin loans? For example, if the value of your margine stock falls below a certain level, you will be required to deposit more money or risk losing the position.
• How long have you been investing? As a general guideline, you should have at least five years of experience in the stock market before you buy on margin.
• What is your risk tolerance? If losing a large percentage of your investment would be devastating, buying on margin is not for you.
• How large is your portfolio? If you have less than $50,000 invested, a margin loan is probably not appropriate.
• How diversified is your portfolio? If you don’t own a broadly diversified mix of investment, margin debt is probably too risky.
In sum, when it comes to margin loans, a little caution goes a long way. Like any other debt margin loans can be a great tool—but only when used appropriately by a knowledgeable investor.
In very broad terms, stock research falls into two general categories: fundamental analysis, an examination of the company issuing the stock, and technical analysis, an evaluation of the performance of the stock price itself. Fundamental analysis focuses on things like the company’s products, its competition, and its management. It also takes into account the company’s financial health—whether it has consistent earnings growth, a low debt ratio, and a strong cash flow. Technical analysis, on the other hand, looks at the behavior of the stock’s price over time—but doesn’t attempt to explain the forces behind that movement.
Another way of looking at the difference between these two approaches is to think about a stock’s intrinsic value, which fundamentalists believe can vary from the stock’s market price. (If you believe that the intrinsic value is higher than the market price, you’re a buyer; if you think that the intrinsic value is lower, you’ll sell.) Technicians, on the other hand, disregard this type of evaluation and are much more likely to buy or sell on the basis of a trend or chart pattern. In general, technical analysis is most useful for active traders or other investors with a short-term horizon. If you’re a long- term investor, there is no substitute for evaluating the fundamentals. Although most investors are not likely to get involved with in-depth fundamental analysis, they can obtain a wealth of pertinent data from publicly available resources.
When people think of investing, they invariably think of stocks. But before you jump right into stick picking, realize that even though individual stocks might represent a terrific growth opportunity, they also carry a high level of risk, especially in the short term.
“I always thought that when investing online, there should be a box that asks you to identify your financial goal,” says a colleague. “It’s too easy to get on there and make an impulsive decision to buy a stock instead of thinking, ‘Is this stock going to get me where I want to go in five, ten, twenty years from now?”
That’s exactly the question you’ll want to ask yourself when you’re selecting stocks. Before you write that check or click that box on a website, make sure you understand how this purchase will fit into your overall plan. Once you’ve figured that out, it’s time to do your homework. First, make sure you understand the company’s basic business plan and are familiar with its financial condition. Some investors have been quite successful by buying the stocks of companies whose products they know and like. But that doesn’t give you a complete picture. You also have to research the company’s financial picture, its competition, the health of the industry in general— and how all of this affects the company’s future prospects.
If you’re a long-term investor, buy-and-hold can be the easiest and most effective strategy. But about once a year you should reevaluate your funds and make sure that they are still the best choices for your portfolio. Where to start? Once again, by comparing your fund’s performance to its peers and to its relevant benchmarks. If your fund is down 10% for the year but similar funds are down 1 5%, that’s a good result. If your fund is up 10% and similar funds are up 15%, that’s not so good. Performance alone—without comparing it to a benchmark—is not a reason to sell.
In fact, if you do fall into this trap and sell on the basis of out- of-context performance alone, you could be missing the next upward trend. Frequently a particular style of fund will be down one year and up the next. Small-cap value stocks fell 1.5% in 1999; in 2000 they rose 23%. If you had sold your well-managed small- cap value fund at the end of 1999, you would have missed the boat. The bottom line? Consider selling a fund if it has performed worse than most of its relevant peers r benchmarks for the last year; if it has been a relative underperformer for two or three years, that’s a clear sell sign. If your fund ha been in the bottom quartile (it has performed worse than 75% of ts peers) for even a year, that’s also probably an indication to sell.
Second, consider selling whm a fund’s objective changes. If you bought a small-cap fund that is now gravitated toward large-cap equities, and you already own s many large-cap funds as you need, it’s probably time to look for a true small-cap fund. Similarly, if your small-cap funds have increased in value and are now a disproportionately large part of your oveall equity portfolio, you may want to sell some in favor of other fuels,
And finally, you should reevaluate your fund if it has a change in management. This is not a char indication to sell, but remember:
Your fund is only as strong as he person who is calling the shots.
The only thing more intimidating than investing for the first time may be trying to make heads or tails of a mutual fund prospectus. So why bother? Because that’s where you’ll find a lot of the information that tells you if this is where you want to invest your hard-earned cash. Here are a few key sections to consult:
The fund’s in vestment objectives and strategy. This is where you’ll find what the fund invests in (e.g., stocks, bonds, cash-equivalents, or a combination) and how it plans to make money. You might see a statement like “seeks long-term capital appreciation by investing in stocks of U.S. small-cap companies.” Be on the lookout for ill-defined or risky strategies such as options trading.
• Risk factors. This is where you’re apprised of any special risks inherent in the fund’s holdings or strategy. If the fund’s approach is especially volatile, it will be indicated here.
• The fund’s financial history Here you’ll see the fund’s performance for the last ten years, as well as how it compares to a given benchmark. (You need to make sure that this benchmark is the most appropriate one.) In the “Financial Highlights” table, you’ll find other essential information such as the fund’s total return for the last five years (the bottom line) and the portfolio turnover rate for the last five years.
• Expenses, which can include:
—Sales charge (front- or back-end load), a onetime commission.
—Operating expenses, which include management fees, distribution (12b-1) fees, and other operating expenses. All of these expenses will then be tallied so that you can see a total operating expense ratio (often called OER).
• Management If management has changed recently, you’ll want to evaluate the new team or manager.
• Other useful information such as how to purchase and redeem shares and initial and subsequent investment minimums.
A load is onetime sales charge imposed by a fund. It can be charged when you either buy a fund (front-end load) or sell a fund (back-end load). It is important to understand that if you pay a load, only part of your investment actually gets invested. (Share classes indicate how a load is charged. In general, A shares indicate a front-end load, B shares indicate a back-end load, and C shares indicate a small back-end load and the maximum 12b-1 fees—see below.) No-load funds, on the other hand, do not incur sales charges, so all your money goes to work for you. By and large, if you have a choice between a load fund and a no-load fund, be sure to explore the less expensive no-load fund.
• Both load and no-load funds incur annual operating expenses. But these expenses, which cover things like management fees, administrative fees, and 12b-1 fees, vary considerably from fund to fund. (Small-cap and international funds tend to carry higher costs than large-cap funds, and load funds tend to have higher costs than no-load funds.) Together all of these fees make up the fund’s expense ratio, or expenses expressed as an annual percentage of the fund’s net assets, which is a good way to compare costs between funds. In general, you should be able to find a good large-cap fund with an expense ratio no higher than 1%, unless it’s a highly specialized fund that requires greater (and more costly) research and management. In general, small-cap and international fund expense ratios should run below 2%.
• 12b-1 fees are included in the expense ratio (see above) but are worth thinking about separately. Even some no-load funds include these annual fees, which are used to pay for advertising and distribution costs. The regulatory cap on 12b- 1 fees is 1%, but as soon as they exceed 0.25%, the fund is no longer considered no-load.
• Brokerage fees are incurred when a fund buys and sells securities. In general, this fee is less significant (and more difficult to find—you have to look in the annual report) than other fees.